Deep dives into hardware security, embedded systems, and cybersecurity research
UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a hardware communication protocol used for asynchronous serial communication between devices. It's one of the simplest ways to send data between microcontrollers, computers, and peripherals.
READ MORE →UART stands for Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter. It's basically a hardware communication protocol that acts like a translator between your computer and other serial devices, sending data one bit at a time over just a couple of wires.
READ MORE →In this blog, our objective is to gain shell access to the target device via the UART interface. Once connected, we'll explore the device's file system to locate stored credentials or configuration data.
READ MORE →Now that you've got a clear idea of what firmware emulation is and why it matters, it's time to actually dive in. We'll walk through setting up the tools and running your first emulation session using Firmware Analysis Toolkit (FAT) and Firmadyne.
READ MORE →In this next part, we'll dive deeper into the setup process and run actual emulation sessions using Firmware Analysis Toolkit (FAT) and Firmadyne.
READ MORE →JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) is an interface commonly used for testing, programming, and debugging electronic devices. It allows engineers to access the internal circuitry of a device through a dedicated set of pins known as the JTAG connector.
READ MORE →In the previous blog, we explored what JTAG is and how it enables low-level access for testing, debugging, and programming chips. Now that we understand how JTAG works conceptually, it's time to get hands on with pin identification.
READ MORE →Previously, we covered the fundamentals of JTAG and how to spot its pins on a device. In this blog, we're taking it a step further - actually connecting to a target and interacting with it through its JTAG interface. Time to get practical.
READ MORE →Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a lightweight wireless communication protocol designed for short-range data transfer with minimal power consumption. It was introduced as part of the Bluetooth 4.0 standard to support battery-powered devices.
READ MORE →In this blog, we'll dive into the real-world process of capturing BLE traffic between a mobile app and a target device. We'll start by enabling the HCI snoop log on an Android phone, extracting the capture file, and analyzing it in Wireshark.
READ MORE →Now, we're taking things further. We'll use the insights we gathered to interact directly with the device using gatttool. This will allow us to send commands, explore available services, and begin testing how the device responds to direct input.
READ MORE →This blog series is focused on SPI hacking with practical application in hardware analysis, firmware extraction, and embedded device inspection. Understanding this protocol is essential before moving on to hands-on tools and extraction techniques.
READ MORE →In this part of the series, we'll walk through the essential tools and setup needed to interface with SPI flash chips. This includes choosing the right programmer, understanding physical connection methods, and using open-source software to communicate with the chip.
READ MORE →Now that we've successfully dumped the .bin file from the SPI flash chip, the next step is to analyze it. This process helps uncover the contents of the firmware like file systems, configuration files, scripts, and potentially sensitive data.
READ MORE →Fundamental networking concepts, internet architecture, communication protocols, and OSI model.
READ MORE →Detailed OSI model layers, protocols, and real-world applications.
READ MORE →TCP/IP protocols, encapsulation, decapsulation, and real-world applications.
READ MORE →IP addressing, classes, subnetting, NAT, and practical applications.
READ MORE →Modbus is one of the most widely used open communication protocols in the industrial world. Originally developed for Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), it has become a de facto standard for device-level communication in SCADA systems.
READ MORE →Understanding satellite hacking, vulnerabilities in flight software, and the correct learning path for space cybersecurity research.
READ MORE →Understanding how real satellite software works using NASA's core Flight System without going to space.
READ MORE →Moving from software simulations to real hardware in satellite security research using Raspberry Pi and OpenSatKit.
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